Remen sanget saged nderek dados kulawarga Detik form, lan saget tetepangan, tumut sekedhik,urun-urun rembug ngagem basa jawi. Cross reference entries saying that the word is a variant of some other word should be assumed to have the same forms morphophonemically adjusted if necessary and meanings as the word they are referred to. The chief features affecting conventional Javanese orthography are that dj becomes j, j becomes y, and tj becomes c. The modern trend is to drop the w from the initial clusters wl- onggil wr- and so kraa cite such words most often under L and R giving the w- form as a variant.
Madya is used in situations where Ngoko would be disrespectful or humiliating and Krama would be inappropriately exalted. English words whose meanings are obvious e. The general practice in citation forms in this dictionary is to include both of the vowels together with the intervocalic y or w-e.įor each item with built-in social limitations there is at least one other item with the same denotative meaning but complementary social implications. We list -l- and -r- infixed forms as main entries, cross referenced to their root forms, since they are difficult to spot as infixed forms. Kamjs are certain things which, though they have Ngoko equivalents, are used only in Krama: It is a domain having. The foregoing sections deal with various ways in which Javanese words conceal their dictionary citation forms through spelling practices. The following list gives the nearest English equivalents to the sounds represented by the letters. Older borrowings have been adapted to Javanese pronunciation in varying degrees. The items of this voluminous list are not duplicated by the dictionary entries herein. He did all he could to make his earnings cover their living expenses. Old New djaran jaran horse toja toya waters Krama njoba nyoba to try tjukup cukup adequate betjik becik good The following alphabetical order is observed for the listing of citations. In present-day usage, for example, lan ‘and’ is used in both Ngoko and Krama, but kalihan is a specific Krama equivalent of it.
I have not endeavored to include more than a sprinkling of technical terms from such highly specialized fields as wayang, batik making, and agriculture, nor esoteric and mystic terms used in astrological and chronogrammatic reckonings. We cite under H some words which have common variants both with and without the h. Phrases using an affixed form rather than the bare root are listed under that affixed form. We were unable to find this edition in any bookshop we are able to search. Originally Posted by pinkuin sugeng enjing When a reader’s judgment differs from the compiler’s, it may well be that neither is faulty. When it does occur, it often has a more usual variant lacking the h.
Since the pronunciation of i and u depends on their position in a word, they are often pronounced differently within the same word, and since these pronunciations are automatic and regular, we do not mark them with the pronunciation showing devices in citation forms. We provide SEO solutions including submission services, link building and social media marketing for guaranteed top ranking in search engines. Harsono Ronohadiwidjojo, of Yogyakarta, did much valuable work while a student at the Harvard Business School and later. Indonesian words appear in Javanese published materials. Warning: mysql_select_db(): supplied argument is not a valid MySQL-Link resource in D:\www\htdocs\web_kamusbahasajawa\css\ on line 8.
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